Shumen, BulgariaMadara Rocky Plateau is located in northeastern Bulgaria, near the village of Madara and about 17 kilometres from Shumen. The area is part of the Madara National Historical and Archaeological Reserve, declared a national reserve in 1958, and is best known for the Madara Rider, inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979. The monument is carved into a cliff about 100 metres high and represents a horseman triumphing over a lion. The plateau also includes caves, traces of ancient habitation, sanctuaries, fortifications and trails leading to the upper part of the cliffs. The site is important for the history of the First Bulgarian Empire and for the natural landscape of the Shumen region
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Shumen, BulgariaShumen Fortress is located on the Shumen Plateau, above the city of the same name, and is one of the oldest fortifications in Bulgaria. The first defensive structures in the area are believed to be around 3,200 years old, and the site was used successively by Thracians, Romans, Byzantines and Bulgarians. In the Middle Ages, the fortress had an important role because of its proximity to the old capitals of Pliska and Preslav. The complex preserves walls, towers, gates, remains of churches, dwellings and administrative spaces. The fortress was destroyed after the Ottoman campaign of 1444 and remained abandoned, while today it functions as an open-air museum, with visitor routes and viewpoints over the city.
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